TOEFL iBT

What it tests

TOEFL iBT has four sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing, each scored 0-30 for a total of 120. It predicts whether an applicant can handle a US university classroom where instruction, reading, and assignments are all in English.

The Speaking section is where many international students lose points. It's a computer-recorded monologue in response to a prompt, not a live conversation. Strong Reading and Listening scores alone won't carry you if Speaking drags.

How US schools actually use it

Every US university with international applicants sets a minimum TOEFL score, typically in the 80-100 range. Top-tier schools (Ivy League, MIT, Stanford, top liberal arts) expect 100+, and some publish section minimums (e.g. Speaking 23+).

Two things worth knowing:

1. International school students who've done 3+ years in an English-medium curriculum can sometimes waive the TOEFL, but the rules vary by school. Always check the specific university's admissions page. Don't assume an IB or AP background equals a waiver.
2. Duolingo English Test is shorter, cheaper, and now accepted at most US universities. For students who find TOEFL cost or scheduling painful, DET is a legitimate alternative. Just confirm acceptance with each target school.